Orthopedic Surgery

During a hip replacement surgery the surgeon surgically removes the wornout articular surfaces of the bones and replaces it with an artificial joint often made from metal, plastic or ceramic components. The surgery is usually done when all other treatment options have failed to provide adequate pain relief. The procedure relieves restores mobility to the hip joint.

The elbow joint can be damaged secondary to rheumatoid arthritis or severely comminuted fractures resulting in irrepairable damage to the joint surfaces. In some cases, the damage can be surgically repaired. But if the damage is extensive, the doctor might recommend elbow replacement surgery.

In elbow replacement surgery, the damaged joint is removed and an artificial (prosthetic) joint is inserted into the arm and forearm bones.

Total shoulder replacement arthroplasty is a well-established surgery for restoring comfort and function to the arthritic shoulder. In this procedure the arthritic ball is replaced by a smooth metal ball fixed to the arm bone by a stem that fits within it. The arthritic socket is resurfaced with high-density polyethylene prosthesis. Among the different surgical options this procedure appears to provide the most rapid and complete improvement in comfort and function for shoulders with arthritis.

In situations with irrepairable rotator cuff tears with arthritis in the shoulder joint, a primary total shoulder replacement will not restore the joint function. A reverse shoulder replacement is the ideal treatment option in this difficult scenario to relieve pain and maintain the joint mobility. Reverse shoulder prosthesis have also proved to be a viable option in cases of severely comminuted proximal humerus fractures in the elederly population.

Arthroscopic surgery is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in a joint during which a proper diagnosis and treatment of various intraarticular pathologies can be achieved. During the surgery an arthroscope is inserted into a joint through stab incisions and the intraarticular images viewed on a monitor . Using various tools inserted through the small incisions the pathology can be dealt with more precisely. As compared to the open procedures the key hole surgery is less traumatic , cosmetically appealing with faster rehabilitation time. Arthroscopic procedures can be performed to evaluate or treat various orthopedic conditions including torn ligaments, meniscal tears, cartilage defects and tendon tears.

Anterior crucite ligament (ACL)tears are very common especially among the atheletes and footballers. During an ACL reconstruction very often a tendon graft( hamstring graft, bone–patellar tendon - bone graft, or quadriceps tendon graft ) is taken from patients own body ( Auto graft) and is used to replace the torn ligament, located in the front of the knee, to restore its stability and function . The torn ligament is partially removed from the knee before the graft is inserted through an arthroscopic procedure.

The posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) is one of the most prominent ligaments in the knee. Its located in the back of the knee. Injuries to the PCL can occur in a variety of ways, including a hard blow to the shinbone or falling down on a bent knee.

The discomfort and inconvenience associated with a PCL injury cause your activity to be limited, and affect your quality of life. Pursuing repair of PCL injury, such as PCL reconstruction surgery, will relieve pain and help you get back to your normal life.

The rotator cuff consists of muscles and tendons that hold the shoulder in place. The rotator cuff allows a person to lift his and her arm and reach up. An injury to the rotator cuff, such as a tear, may happen suddenly when falling on an outstretched hand or develop over time due to repetitive activities. Rotator cuff degeneration and tears may also be caused by aging.

If the rotator cuff is injured, it may need to be repaired surgically. This may include shaving off bone spurs that are pinching the shoulder, and repairing torn tendons or muscles in the shoulder. Surgical techniques that may be used to repair a tear of the rotator cuff include arthroscopy, open surgery, or a combination of both. The goal of rotator cuff repair surgery is to help restore the function and flexibility of the shoulder and to relieve the pain that cannot be controlled by other treatments.

About 40-60% of the load passing through the knee is borne by both the menisci. Meniscal tears results in severe pain. Once torn , the menisci needs to be repaired or trimmed depending on the type of the tear.The torn meniscus is repaired by a variety of minimally invasive techniques and requires postoperative protection to allow healing. Physical therapy is useful to regain full function of the knee, which occurs on average 4-5 months after surgery.

The Arthroscopic Bankart Repair is an effective procedure to treat patients that have anterior or posterior shoulder instability. The majority of patients who suffer a traumatic dislocation of their shoulder will tear the fibrocartilage labrum at the front of the shoulder. Many of these patients will go on to develop recurrent instability in their shoulder and keep dislocating. This will have a significant effect on the ability to participate in sport and sometimes also their work. It can lead to significant cartilage wear and arthritis in the joint. The Arthroscopic Bankart procedure repairs this tear in the labrum and by doing so restores stability to the shoulder.

The smooth white tissue that covers the ends of bones where they come together to form joints is called articular cartilage. It makes our joints easier to move, and allows the bones to glide over each other with very little friction. Cartilage can get damaged by injury or normal wear and tear. Because it does not heal itself well, there are many surgical techniques to stimulate growth of new cartilage and to relieve pain and allow better function. They includes microfracture,OATS procedure, Autologous cartilage transplantation, and insertion of biological scaffolds mixed with bonemarrow cells.
Most of the procedures are done arthroscopically .

Tennis elbow is soreness or pain on the outer part of the elbow. It happens when you damage the tendons that connect the muscles of your forearm to your elbow. The pain may spread down your arm to your wrist. If the injury is not treated, it may hurt to do simple things .A commonly used surgery for tennis elbow is called a lateral epicondyle release if conservative measures become ineffective.. This surgery takes tension off the extensor tendon.

The superior capsular reconstruction is a novel treatment option for massive, irreparable posterosuperior rotator cuff tears. Treatment goals of such tears are to reduce pain, restore shoulder function and delay the development of advanced cuff tear arthropathy.

In cases with irreparable rotator cuff tears especially in young people muscle tendon transfers may be a good option in place of joint replacement surgery to restore the shoulder function. During the procedure muscle tendon units like Latissimus dorsi, lower trapezius can be transferred on to the humeral head to improve the range of movements and decrease pain.

The triangular fibro cartilage complex (TFCC) tears are a frequent cause for persistent pain in the wrist. This can occur following a fall or during workouts in the gym. X-rays may look normal. A proper examination may reveal the diagnosis. The tear can be repaired through an arthroscopic surgery.